新常态下要科学认识环境管理六个量的关系

针对新常态下环境管理面临的机遇与挑战,本文提出了环境管理工作要树立新的思维,并在此基础上深入剖析了总量与质量、容量与流量、存量与增量的关系。现行的总量控制制度在实施过程中带来的污染减排潜力越来越小,因此,环境管理的目标应从以污染排放控制为主向以环境质量改善为主转变,通过采取具有针对性的差异化容量总量控制管理手段,实现污染排放流量管控,同时,应充分考虑现有环境本底负荷的问题,实现污染存量和可能增量的协同控制,这对于推进环境管理工作的战略转型具有借鉴意义。     

Streamside Management Zones Compromised by Stream Crossings,Legacy Gullies,and Over‐Harvest in the Piedmont

Streamside management zone (SMZ) breakthroughs were identified and characterized to determine frequency and potential causes, in order to provide enhanced guidance for future water quality protection. Ten kilometers of SMZs were carefully examined for partial or complete breakthroughs. With partial breakthroughs the SMZ trapped sediment before it reached the stream, while complete breakthroughs appeared to have allowed sediment to have passed through with minimal restriction. A total of 41 breakthroughs occurred (33 complete, 8 partial) across 16 sites, averaging 1 complete breakthrough per 0.3 km of SMZ length. The most common complete breakthroughs were caused by stream crossings (42%), reactivation of legacy agricultural gullies (27%), and harvest related soil disturbances near/within SMZs (24%). Pearson correlations of site characteristics at breakthroughs indicated no strong relationships between breakthrough sites, representing the variable nature of these unique circumstances. Stream crossings are an intentional breakthrough for access purposes, but resulting environmental impacts can be reduced with best management practice implementation. Current recommendations for SMZs tend to work in most situations, yet further research is needed to identify causal factors and quantify breakthrough severity.     

Using GIS to Delineate Headwater Stream Origins in the Appalachian Coalfields of Kentucky

Headwater streams have a significant nexus or physical, chemical, and/or biological connection to downstream reaches. Generally, defined as 1st‐3rd order with ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial flow regimes, these streams account for a substantial portion of the total stream network particularly in mountainous terrain. Due to their often remote locations, small size, and large numbers, conducting field inventories of headwater streams is challenging. A means of estimating headwater stream location and extent according to flow regime type using publicly available spatial data is needed to simplify this complex process. Using field‐collected headwater point of origin data from three control watersheds, streams were characterized according to a set of spatial parameters related to topography, geology, and soils. These parameters were (1) compared to field‐collected point of origin data listed in three nearby Jurisdictional Determinations, (2) used to develop a geographic information system (GIS)‐based stream network for identifying ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial streams, and (3) applied to a larger watershed and compared to values obtained using the high‐resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). The parameters drainage area and local valley slope were the most reliable predictors of flow regime type. Results showed the high‐resolution NHD identified no ephemeral streams and 9 and 65% fewer intermittent and perennial streams, respectively, than the GIS model.     

Seeking,Thinking, Acting: Understanding Suburban Resident Perceptions and Behaviors Related to Stream Quality

Theories in risk, psychology, and communication suggest aiming to inform the public about basic ecological facts may not be enough to influence knowledge of risks or behaviors to mitigate water quality risks. The risk information‐seeking and processing model and the theory of planned behavior suggest several additional variables that are likely to influence risk‐mitigating behaviors. We used data from a survey of watershed residents in Ohio to explore a model of behavioral intentions to positively impact stream health. Residents' informational norms, or the perceived pressure to know about local stream health, strongly predicted their information‐seeking behaviors. Active‐seeking behaviors predicted positive attitudes toward behaviors impacting stream health, which predicted intentions to positively impact stream health. Implications for outreach include couching communication in terms of risk found important to the local community, here wildlife were seen as negatively influenced by water quality, as opposed to plain reports typically provided by utility companies. Increasing social pressure to feel informed by emphasizing the existing knowledge of stream ecology among residents could change the norm for the less informed. A low response rate limits the generalizability of findings here, but leveraging these findings in outreach efforts could prove more successful in engaging the public to improve stream health and support policies to improve stream health.     

平台信息系统批量生产管理研究

平台信息系统的批生产管理以往未受到足够的重视,分析了现行的批生产管理体系问题,从文件管理、质量和可靠性保障、工艺管理、组织管理和技术状态控制四个方面详细阐述了如何进行平台信息系统的批生产管理。     

生活垃圾强制分类形势下的多源废荧光灯管回收管理机制建议

废荧光灯管的来源广泛，包括工业来源和社会来源，社会来源又包括居民来源，企业事业单位、公共场所等机构来源，具有多来源的特性。废荧光灯管中含有汞，若不经过妥善处理，会造成环境污染，对人的身体健康造成危害。随着国内生活垃圾分类的开展，废荧光灯管作为生活垃圾中有害垃圾的典型类别被强制分类，但仍存在很多问题。本文梳理了我国废荧光灯管的产生情况、LED灯替代情况，并对美国、欧盟、日本和我国国内典型城市的废荧光管理情况进行了总结。针对我国废荧光灯管的回收现状，从责任主体、责任划分、收集渠道、资金机制等角度提出了相关的管理建议，为推动我国废荧光灯管的管理提供借鉴。     

基于文本挖掘的煤矿安全隐患管理研究

为探寻安全隐患的内在特征，加深安全管理人员对安全隐患的理解，提升安全管理效率。以潞安集团司马煤业有限公司2009—2015年安全隐患记录为数据源，利用Word2Vec模型构建安全隐患词向量模型，从模型中获取各类安全隐患主要相关词，利用桑基图解释安全隐患在不同隐患地点、生产作业单位的特征分布，并进一步揭示相关安全隐患的细节特征。结果表明:词向量模型能有效发掘安全隐患特征，桑基图能突出呈现安全隐患的关键信息流动。上述措施有助于管理人员深刻理解安全隐患数据中蕴含的潜在规律，为煤矿安全隐患排查治理工作提供依据，指导安全管理实践。     

基于数字信息化的消防呼吸气瓶检验管理系统研究与开发

为解决碳纤维缠绕式消防呼吸气瓶检验中因单机作业而存在的检验效率低、检验质量差、受人为因素影响的问题，研究开发基于数字信息化的碳纤维缠绕式消防呼吸气瓶检验管理系统，该检验系统包括消防呼吸气瓶数据库、OA系统、呼吸气瓶检验软件和手机APP。利用二维码技术和计算机网络，实现呼吸气瓶数据库、检验软件、OA约检和报告审核审批系统、手机APP的数据传输。结果表明:该检验管理系统实现了呼吸气瓶检验的无纸化、过程的可追溯性、检验结果的防伪性等功能，其对于碳纤维缠绕式消防呼吸气瓶检验具有较强的适用性和可行性。     

基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式优化*

为弥补传统基层应急管理模式的短板，解决信息壁垒、协调困难、公众参与不足等问题。从复合性视角出发，阐述复合治理理论内涵，探讨复合治理与应急管理在主体、思维、过程、空间、目标上的契合性，并进一步分析基层应急管理的现实背景和困境，进而构建基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式，阐明模式基本结构和工作流程，最终提出理念树立、平台搭建、机制保障、队伍建设、制度安排、文化营造、技术支撑方面的优化路径。结果表明:复合治理理论的应用可以加强基层应急管理能力，促进多元主体协同共治。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间企业生产安全风险管理

本文在分析新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间企业安全风险特点的基础上,建立了疫情期间安全风险管理模型,分析了这一特殊时期企业外部变化,以及企业内部人、物、环境、管理变化带来特殊安全风险,提出了针对性的风险管控措施。